Urea is a compound with the chemical formula NH2CONH2 and is often used as a fertilizer. Urea is an industrially synthesized product and is not a compound that is usually found naturally. There are two main methods for the production of synthetic urea: the Haber-Bosch process and the urea-formaldehyde process.

The Haber-Bosch process is carried out by reacting nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas with a catalyst under high pressure and high temperature. As a result of this reaction, ammonia gas is produced, and then ammonia gas is reacted with carbon dioxide under acid or alkaline conditions to obtain urea.

In the urea-formaldehyde process, methylol urea is formed as a result of the reaction of urea and formaldehyde. Methylol urea is obtained from urea in granules by being cut to the desired thickness by being subjected to temperature and pressure changes.

Urea production has an important role in the agricultural sector and is an important source of fertilizer for plant growth and productivity. It is also used for industrial uses, for example, in the production of plastics, resins, adhesives and paints.